This is a simple and low cost 60W power amplifier. The optimal supply voltage is around 50V, but this amp can work from 30 to 60V. The maximum input voltage is around 0.8 - 1V. As you can see, in this design the components have a big tolerance, so you can build it with almost any components that you can find at home. The output power transistors can be any NPN types, but do not use Darlington types.

This is an improved version of headphone amplifier I've built many years ago. I wanted so much to share it with you because this simple circuit has done a great service to me through all these years. It is very simple and reliable, hard to break, offers a lot of power, excellent sound quality, it is built with just a few simple parts and more importantly it has a very little power consumption. With just two AA batteries it can work for a very loong loooong time.

I have built this amplifier and it does sound good. It requires a preamp as it hasn't got much gain. It requires big heat sinks and a large transformer and a great power supply and careful wiring, but in the end it is extremely simple and it sounds very good. The zener diode rejects any ripple coming from the power supply, But you still only want a ripple of 10mV max. The ripple reaching the input is amplified, so the zener gets rid of that, but whatever ripple there is will still reach the power stage.

Complete car amplifier for subwoofer based on TDA7294 amplifier chip. This is a much powerful than previous TDA1562 based version (LINK), but its based on push-pull converter so its more difficult to build. Build-in low-pass filter, all on one one-sided 75mm x 125mm dimension PCB.

Here is a simple 100W HI-FI MOSFET Amplifier. The main feature of this amplifier is a simple design and assembly. Simplicity of the circuit by looking at the circuit you expect amplifier to be simple. It should be noted that many hi-end amplifiers have a very simple but good quality designs. General technological theory is due to fewer parts, fewer problems. Additionally power to supplement your system is quite effective. Power supply transformer is very important. 8 Ohm output for a 35 - 0 to 35 V and at least 3 amps per power amplifier is recommended that a transformer can be transferred. Naturally, the two substations will be required for stereo use.

The neat thing about the series 5000 is that it was built around new (at the time) Hitachi lateral power MOSFETs. Most power MOSFETs (VMOS, trenchFETs, HexFETs etc) use a vertical structure, where the current flows vertically. This has the advantage of stunningly low Rds and hence high efficiency, but does nothing for linearity or capacitance. Lateral MOSFETs are a much simpler structure, where the gate oxide is formed on a flat substrate, and the current flows across the substrate. This results in well defined, controllable device parameters, good linearity, and relatively low gate capacitance. However, the Rds of lateral MOSFETs is nothing to write home about.

This is 100W LM3886 power amplifier is based on the PA100 parallel amplifier detailed in National Semiconductor's application note - AN1192. Since my DIY speaker is 4-ohm and somewhat difficult to drive, I want to have a more powerful amplifier to match with it. Therefore I designed this amplifier which uses two LM3886 per channel, in parallel circuit. This amp can deliver about 50W into a 8-ohm speaker and 100W into a 4-ohm speaker. This is a stereo amplifier and therefore 4 LM3886s are used. The LM3886 circuit is in a non-inverted configuration, so the input impedance is determined by the input resistor R1, i.e. 47k. The 680 ohm and 470pF resistor capacitor filter network is used to filter out the high frequency noise at the RCA input. The 220pF C4 and C8 capacitors are used to shot out the high frequency noise at the LM3886 input pins. I used high quality audio grade capacitors at several locations: 1uF Auricap at the input for DC blocking, 100uF Blackgate for C2 and C6, and 1000uF Blackgate at the supply filter.

This is a 100W Transistor based Power Amp Circuit. It's an old circuit, but nice circuit amplifier. Uses transistors MJ15003 and MJ15004, power supply +38V,-38V 3A. Output power is 100W for 8 OHM Speaker.

I'm not sure what motivated me to decide on building a high-gain tube preamp of this sort. Maybe it was the tube computer sound card idea I have seen, or the fact that I have enough junk to fill a dump truck. What ever it was, it all started with a cute little plastic Hammond enclosure that had been on my shelf for a couple of years. I originally thought I might use it for a tube headphone amp, but in the end realized there would not be enough space for the three tubes needed to make a head amp. This is a high gain preamplifier that is suitable for use where a lot of gain is required - to drive a power amplifier that needs plenty of gain or perhaps for use with instruments, like a guitar or microphone. If you need less gain, take a look at the RCA 12AU7 / ECC82 Cathode Follower Tube Preamp Schematic which has a gain of about 8.

LM3886 power amplifier with 150W audio output power. Three LM3886 amplifiers are bridged together to achieve 150W. Power supply is +/- 30V. LM3886 amplifier maintains an excellent signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 92dB with a typical low noise floor of 2.0µV. It exhibits extremely low THD+N values of 0.03% at the rated output into the rated load over the audio spectrum, and provides excellent linearity with an IMD (SMPTE) typical rating of 0.004%

Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders. Do not exceed 23 + 23V supply. Q3 and Q4 must be mounted on heatsink. D1 must be in thermal contact with Q1. Quiescent current (best measured with an Avo-meter in series with Q3 Emitter) is not critical. Adjust R3 to read a current between 20 to 30 mA with no input signal.

This circuit is a 1 watt mono amplifier using the TDA 7052 from Philips. It is designed to be used as a building block in other projects where a battery powered audio amplifier is required to drive a small speaker. It will operate best from 6 – 12 V DC and requires no heatsink for normal use.

20W TDA2005 stereo amplifier for all suitable applications like amplifying medium power speakers. It is suitable for car use but before, the power supply must be choked with at least 150mH and it must give up to approximately 6 to 7 amps during the upstream performance.

The Circuit present here is a 20Watts Car Stereo Amplifier. The main features of this powerful MULTIWATT® package (a trademark of SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics), a power amplifier IC chips designed specifically for car radio application, are the high current capability (3.5A) and the capability to drive a very low impedance (down to 1.6R). Here is the schematic diagram of the standard circuit as shown in its data sheet.

This article describes how to build 200W Leach Amplifier from Mr. Marshall Leach known like “The Leach Amp”. Article about building of this amplifier I found later in journal A_Radio Praktická elektronika 11/2002. For many years I looked for construction of HiFi amplifier wit a good parameters, enough power reserve and simple construction. I built a couple of amplifiers with integrated circuits MBA810, TDA2005, LM3886, but I was disappointed by their output quality and noise. I decide to built a classic construction with discrete components and bipolar transistors. Construction from Mr. Dudek was interesting, but I didn’t like used components and complexity. All of my requirements satisfied construction of the Leach Amp. Circuit author publicates in a February 1976 in american journal. From these days circuit was not practically changed. Little changes are described on authors page. I succeeded to find almost all original components on our local market, which was a miracle. Only a bigger problem was a power transformer and filter capacitors. Recommended toroid transformer for power 200W to 4 ohms is 230V/2x 42V.

Article about building Marshall 200W Leach Amplifier. For many years I looked for construction of HiFi amplifier wit a good parameters, enough power reserve and simple construction. I built a couple of amplifiers with integrated circuits MBA810, TDA2005, LM3886, but I was disappointed by their output quality and noise. I decide to built a classic construction with discrete components and bipolar transistors. Construction from Mr. Dudek was interesting, but I didn't like used components and complexity. All of my requirements satisfied construction of the Leach Amp. Circuit author publicates in a February 1976 in american journal. From these days circuit was not practically changed. Little changes are descripted on authors page.

A compact audio powerhouse ideal for guitar or PA work or for use as a general-purpose subwoofer or hifi amplifier. Many people prefer Mosfets because of their legendary ruggedness. Altronics had a Mosfet amplifier module which produced 200W into a 4 Ohm load and so we decided to take a look it. It turned out to be based on the "Pro Series One" as mentioned above, although this version by Altronics has been derated and adapted to different Mosfets. It has a rated power output of 140W into 8W and 200W into 4 Ohm. Frequency response is within 1dB from 20Hz to 80kHz. Total harmonic distortion is rated at less than 0.1% up to full power and signal-to-noise ratio with respect to 200W is better than 100dB unweighted.

This amplifier is a standard datasheet aplication of Tripath TA-2020-020 T-class IC. It offers 20W on 4ohm load with efficienty of up to 88%. The whole amplifier was bought as a AMP6 kit from 41hz.com. The PCB board looks really good and the copper on both sides is quite thick. The kit contains only high quality components such as 1% metal film resistors or Panasonic FC input capacitors. Because of such high efficienty the chip doesn't really require a heatsink. I used such a big one only because I had it. Before starting soldering please read the Assemble Manual so that even beginers will cope with building this amplifier. For more information you can visit the AMP 6 forum.

This is an instrument amplifier for monitoring music when on stage. It provides 21W output power of this little design. Previously I had a decent 10W amplifier (RED Free Circuits), but we blew that one somehow. Now I will put this into the old box. I haven't built it yet, but the simulations say it works as I designed. In this design, wiring is important due to no differential amplifier. I might need to add ripple rejection with a zener as in the above design.

The supply voltage can be between 34V and 46V and the quiescent current should be set to 1.7A measured through R25 (a voltage of 0.75V must be measured over R25 for a quiescent current of just under 1.7A). R23 is a trimmer and must be set to maximum resistance (10kOhm) when powering up. Then the resistance of R23 must be decreased until the the quiescent current is achieved. If the amplifier is mounted on a big enough heatsink ( 0.6K/W at most) then the amplifier is very safe from thermal runaway. Intelligence must be used when choosing power and voltage ratings of resistors and capacitors.

24-Bit 192KHz PCM1793 DAC is is perfect solution for upgrading audio components such as CD Player, DVD Player, Blue Ray Player, Computer, and Satellite receiver. It can be easily connected via Coaxial S/PDIF or Optical Cable and provides convenient analog output connectors. PCM1793 Audio DAC board features advanced Burr-Brown PCM1793 DAC chip, high quality OPA2134 op-amp, and latest DIR9001 digital line receiver. PCB board is built with high quality components such as Nichicon Audio capacitors, WIMA capacitors, gold plated connectors, gold plated PCB tracks and metal film resistors. PCM1793 DAC provides detailed heights and exceptionally good sound stage.

Musical Fidelity would let you believe that this is a Class A design. However, in common with most commercial amplifiers, it is a class AB amplifier - it simply has a rather high standing current in the output stage, which results in the first 8 watts or so being class A.

High-Fidelity Amplifier. Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders. Simply add a 10K Log potentiometer (dual gang for stereo) and a switch to cope with the various sources you need. # Q6 & Q7 must have a small U-shaped heatsink. # Q8 & Q9 must be mounted on heatsink. # Adjust R11 to set quiescent current at 100mA (best measured with an Avo-meter connected in series to Q8 Drain) with no input signal. # A correct grounding is very important to eliminate hum and ground loops. Connect to the same point the ground sides of R1, R4, R9, C3 to C8. Connect C11 to output ground. Then connect separately the input and output grounds to power supply ground. # An earlier prototype of this amplifier was recently inspected and tested again after 15 years of use.

The amplifier design includes not only the final stage of the source (rectifier, filter) and protection against DC voltage output amplifier and speaker connections delayed. As already mentioned, the amplifier is designed as a single-module. This means that on one common board rectifier, filter capacitors, protection And definitely amplifier. Regarding the components of the external solution, the solution based on the original Mr. Marshall Leach. The proposal is adapted for the proposal. in the amplifier are used for temperature sensing diodes are replaced with one sensing transistor mounted on the end of the main condenser and field Tranda. This transistor provides a thermal feedback and thus of a stable quiescent current amplifiers. Privacy speakers are powered directly from the voltage amplifier. As for mechanical design, is probably the most complicated in the whole amplifier. Cooling is done by the Al blocks that are attached to the main cooling profile. ZH6465 profile is used. The terminal transistors to heat is released through Al strips with a thickness of 6 mm in the lateral beams and passing into the cooler. more pictures.

The amplifier consists of two completely separate monaural amplifiers each channel has its own power supply, resulting in zero inter-channel cross talk, a common phenomenon in amplifiers sharing the same power supply. In order to obtain the full output power each supply transformer should be rated at 40VAC - 0 - 40VAC at 640VA. Unlike many designs relying on the reservoir capacitors to supply peak currents, I prefer to have the raw power available from the transformer resulting in much faster transients.

After I built several LM3875 and LM3886 gainclone amplifiers, I was totally impressed by their audiophile sound quality. My design goal is to create a audio power amplifier that can deliver 300W into my 4-ohm DIY speaker with low distortion. I want it to produce deep, tight and punchy bass while keeping the excellent mids and highs from my other gainclones. My design uses a PCB to hold 3 paralleled 3886s (i.e. PA150), and then I use the DRV134 to bridge 2 of the PA150 PCB boards. The function of DRV134 is to convert the un-balanced input signal to a balanced signal, so that the non-inverted signal is fed to one PA150, and the inverted signal is fed the another PA150. One of the PA150 is connected to the speaker's positive input, and the other PA150 is connected to the speaker's negative input. Because of this push-pull configuration, the total gain of the amplifier is doubled. Each PA150 has a gain of 20, so the gain of the BPA300 is 40.

To set the above amplifier up, set R1 to max and R12 to 0. After doing this successfully, power on the amplifier. Set R1 so that the measured output offset is between 30 and 100mV. Once set, adjust R12 slowly to achieve a quiescent current of around 120mA. Keep checking the quiescent current as the amp heats up as it might change due to voltage drop changes in the output devices caused by heat. The heatsinks should be 0.6K/W or less for two amplifiers.

This project was a sort of challenge: designing an audio amplifier capable of delivering a decent output power with a minimum parts count, without sacrificing quality. The Power Amplifier section employs only three transistors and a handful of resistors and capacitors in a shunt feedback configuration but can deliver more than 18W into 8 Ohm with <0.08% THD @ 1KHz at the onset of clipping (0.04% @ 1W - 1KHz and 0.02% @ 1W - 10KHz) and up to 30W into a 4 Ohm load.

It is fun to make a variable space in your small room, but it’s hard to make the actuator to move your wall or room partition. Using analog audio line delay, you can adjust your room virtually. Just turn a knob in your audio set and you can adjust your room size. The circuit described here will make your dream come true, giving a feel that your speaker is located 15 meters behind you, even though your room is actually 3 meters wide. Here is the circuit’s schematic diagram.

The add-on circuit presented here is useful for stereo systems. This circuit has provision for connecting stereo outputs from four different sources/channels as inputs and only one of them is selected/connected to the output at any one time. When power supply is turned ‘on’, channel A (AR and AL) is selected. If no audio is present in channel A, the circuit waits for some time and then selects the next channel (channel B). This search operation continues until it detects audio signal in one of the channels.

400W Stereo Audio Amplifier based on the original Marshall Leach involvement, but has made some improvements. Regarding the power supply voltage to the +-75V. VC comparing the performance of the modified Leach 700W/2R on one common board of both channels, as well as protection and control circuits for the fans. Compared to the 700W version a bit different in wiring. Because some things in the 700W version is completely tightened to perfection.

An ideal solution to make a good, low cost power amplifier

In the old valve days, most commercial audio amplifiers suited for compact integrated mono or stereo record players used a one-valve amplifier topology. The circuit was usually implemented by means of a multiple type valve, e.g. a triode pentode ECL86. Common features for those amplifiers were: Class A operation, output power in the 3 - 5W range, input sensitivity of about 600mV for full output power, THD of about 3% @ 3W and 1KHz. Best types showed THD figures of 1.8% @ 3W and 0.8% @ 2W. This solid-state push-pull single-ended Class A circuit is capable of providing a sound comparable to those valve amplifiers, delivering more output power (6.9W measured across a 8 Ohm loudspeaker cabinet load), less THD, higher input sensitivity and better linearity.

This is a second revision of 50W LM3886 power amplifier that is used to power two bookshelf speakers. The sound produced by LM3886 chip is excellent so I decided to make another amplifier with it. The schematic is based on the schematic in the datasheet of the chip with minor changes. I removed the time delay capacitor connected to MUTE pin, because it's better to use separate DC protection schematic which has similar functionality. I made the output inductance L1 by winding 15 turns of enameled wire around the resistor R7. The diameter of the wire must be minimum 0.4mm. The whole was wrapped with heat shrink.

This simple audio power amplifier was originally designed for a circuit board workshop, conducted by the OSU IEEE Student Group. At the workshop, 20 participants each constructed this amplifier, by etching and drilling the single sided circuit board, soldering all components, and attaching a pre-built heatsink assembly with the output transistors. Three workshops were held between 1995 to 1996. Though the design is simple, these amplifiers have impressive performance, with a frequency response to approx 40 kHz, very low noise, reasonably fast slew rate, and approx 50 watts (true "RMS" power) with the proper +/- 40 volt unregulated power supply.

This is my second encounter with LM3886. I was pleased with the sound this chip produced the first time, so I decided to make another amplifier with it. The schematic is based on the schematic in the datasheet of the chip with minor changes. I removed the time delay capacitor connected to MUTE pin, because it’s better to use separate DC protection schematic which has similar functionality. I made the output inductance L1 by winding 15 turns of enameled wire around the resistor R7. The diameter of the wire must be minimum 0.4mm. The whole was wrapped with heat shrink. I used 47uF/63V non polarized capacitor for C2. It can be regular electrolytic capacitor, but it’s better to use non-polarized or bipolar.

It is a 2x56W power amp based on National Semiconductor's LM3876T chip (they come in 2 versions T and TF the latter having an insulated case), this type of amp is also known as a gainclone because it is an improved copy of Gaincard amplifier. seriously this amp can outperform most commercial amplifiers/receivers (minus the video upscaling/switching) when built properly ie it has very low THD you will not be disappointed by how good it sounds . When connected to AV equipment such as dvd players this thing gets insanely loud (despite having only 56W per channel), i've have never required more than 25% volume because it hurts my ears NOTE: a even more powerful version using the same circuit with a LM3886 chip can be made giving 68W per channel.

The mixer circuit below has 3 line inputs and 3 mic inputs. The mic inputs are suitable for low impedance 200-1000R dynamic microphones. An ECM or condenser mic can also be used, but must have bias applied via a series resistor.

This design adopts a well established circuit topology for the power amplifier, using a single-rail supply of about 60V and capacitor-coupling for the speaker(s). The advantages for a guitar amplifier are the very simple circuitry, even for comparatively high power outputs, and a certain built-in degree of loudspeaker protection, due to capacitor C8, preventing the voltage supply to be conveyed into loudspeakers in case of output transistors' failure. The preamp is powered by the same 60V rails as the power amplifier, allowing to implement a two-transistors gain-block capable of delivering about 20V RMS output. This provides a very high input overload capability.

There is one amplifier configuration that is universally accepted as the ideal for audio use: Class A operation. Many early amplifiers operated in Class A, but as output powers rose above 10W the problems of heat dissipation and power supply design caused most manufacturers to turn to the simpler, more efficient Class B arrangements and to put up with the resulting drop in perceived output quality.

Why Class A? Because, when biased to class A, the transistors are always turned on, always ready to respond instantaneously to an input signal. Class B and Class AB output stages require a microsecond or more to turn on. The Class A operation permits cleaner operation under the high-current slewing conditions that occur when transient audio signal are fed difficult loads. His amplifier is basically simple, as can be seen from the block diagram.

To celebrate the hundredth design posted to this website, and to fulfil the requests of many correspondents wanting an amplifier more powerful than the 25W MosFet, a 60 - 90W High Quality power amplifier design is presented here. Circuit topology is about the same of the above mentioned amplifier, but the extremely rugged IRFP240 and IRFP9240 MosFet devices are used as the output pair, and well renowned high voltage Motorola's transistors are employed in the preceding stages. The supply rails voltage was kept prudentially at the rather low value of + and - 40V. For those wishing to experiment, the supply rails voltage could be raised to + and - 50V maximum, allowing the amplifier to approach the 100W into 8 Ohm target.

A medium power amplifier that is characterized by a lot of good sound quality, but simultaneously is very simple in the construction. Him uses, enough time in my active loudspeakers. In his output stage exist the very good FET transistors, technology HEXFET, transistor which are controlled by voltage and no by current as the classically bipolar transistors. The circuit has symmetrical designing, resolving thus the harmonic distortion problem. All the transistors that are used in the circuit are simple and they exist in big clearings in the market. The pairs of differential amplifiers Q1-2 and Q3-4 should be matched between them and near the one in the other. Thus you can buy enough transistors of types BC550C and BC560C, and with a multimeter you match between them creating pairs with same characteristics, ensuring thus uniform behavior in the temperature changes etc.

Presented is 68 watts LM3886 Power Amplifier with the use of popular LM3886 amplifier integrated circuit. Amplifier should be fed by source symmetrical good filtered of + 34 and – 34 volts. R2 and L1 is a resistor of 10 ohms / 2watt coiled with 10 to 12 you exhale of enameled thread AWG 20. The circuit integrated lm3886 is a component easy of being found at the electronics stores, for that he is used in several projects of potency audio, some exist circuits with linked lm3886 in bridges for potencies of up to 150 watts. For most information on the assembly of that circuit, I suggest that sees the datasheet of the lm3886 in the site of the national semiconductors. With the information of the leaf of data you can adapt the circuit with lm3886 your needs.

LM3886 is a high-fidelity audio power amplifier IC capable of delivering 68W of continuous power using 4 Ohm speakers. LM3886 provides excellent S/N ratio of 92dB and above as well as extremely low total harmonic distortion over the audio spectrum. LM3886 comes equipped with Self Peak Instantaneous Temperature Protection Circuitry (SPiKE) that makes it a class above other discrete and hybrid amplifiers. SPiKe Protection makes LM3886 amplifier safe against problems like over voltage, under voltage, overloads, shorts to the supplies, thermal runaway, and temperature peaks.

Here's a Leach Amplifier based on 2SC5200 and 2SA1943 output power transistors that can provide up to 700W of power. The mechanical design is relatively simple, the transistors are placed on the two cooling profiles with a height of 66 mm, width 44mm, overall length 260mm. They are turned against each other Thus, from the cooling tunnel. Coolers are attaching the nylon backing which allows the assembly of transistors without washers, and thus better transfer of heat. DPS amplifier is at the top of the tunnel and the transistors are soldered from the bottom of PCB.

This project considers the development of a 70W Hi-Fi Power Amplifier for use as part of a Hi-Fi separates music system. The design is a fairly simple circuit topology, which is easy to understand and the author believes that the finished result sounds very nice indeed. The web posting is developed from an original design document available in pdf below. The detailed design issues are discussed in the pdf, while this posting discusses the more practical issues involved in producing the amp.

The following is a 70W amplifier based on a popular TDA7294 chip. Main technical characteristics of the amplifier are as follows: input resistance - 22 kOhm input voltage - 750 mV nominal output power at 4 ohms and THD 0.5% - 70 Watts Frequency Range - 20 ... 20000 Hz supply voltage - ± 27 V, quiescent current - 60 mA. The amplifier has a built-in thermal protection, and protection against overload and short circuit in the load. For "soft" switching amplifier is SA1. Switch can be powered from a bipolar unregulated power supply. Power AC Transformer - 250-A, the secondary winding should be designed to current than 5A.

My goal was to design a high-powered wide-bandwidth amplifier with the finest sound and to keep it simple but not too simple. I rejected single-ended (SE) designs because of their low power and limited bandwidth. I wanted to see if I could get similar sound quality perhaps better with an efficient push-pull design. And I wanted to do it my way.

The PGA2310 is a pretty neat chip. It's capable of attenuating a stereo source over a 127dB range (-95.5dB to +31.5dB) with 0.5dB steps. It has a maximum gain error of +/-0.05dB, and THD of 0.0004% at 1KHz. The sweet spot between THD and noise appears to be between 3V RMS and about 8V RMS. I thus put 6dB gain in the input buffer (an OPA2134), so that the full-scale input is around 4V RMS with my CD player (2V RMS full-scale output). I used signal relays to select the inputs. If I was doing it over, I'd probably use some Analog Devices SSM2404 FET switches. However, at the time I laid it out I didn't know about the SSM2404, so the relays will have to suffice.

As the stunningly original (!) name suggests, the A4 contains 4 separate power amplifiers. This unit offers great flexibility - the following modes of operation are available: * Four-channel 50 watts per channel operation for surround-sound or multi-room operation. * Two-channel bi-amped mode, for suitably bi-wireable loudspeakers. * Two channel Bridged mode, offering around 150 watts per channel. Combinations of the above are possible. For example, in a home theatre application, rear speakers could be driven separately, while a centre speaker could be bi-amped or bridged.

The small AF amplifier Suitable for laptops and MP3 players. IT may be powered from the PC (Game or USB) or AC adapter.The basis of the amplifier is an integrated circuit TDA2822M. With this circuit you can build an amplifier with output up to 2x 1 W. This high power circuit is only able to supply at peak times, when excited, would be permanently unable to work. Involvement of the amplifier is to figure 1. The input signal passes through frequency-dependent volume control on the divider. Frequency-dependent divider produces frequencies around 100 Hz, with a positive influence on the subjective sound quality when using small speakers. IO is the involvement of manufacturers' recommendations. The amplifier output can connect speakers with an impedance of 8 ohms (or greater), or headphones. IO supply voltage can be in the range of 1,8 to 15 V. The low supply voltage power amplifier is very small, at high supply voltage and load speakers with low impedance circuit may be a little overheated. With 8 ohm speakers are suitable voltage in the range of 6-9 V. I used to supply voltage 5 V, which are derived from the game port. Voltage of 5 V can be obtained even from the keyboard connector, PS / 2 port and USB. A better option is a network adapter, there are no problems with earth loops.

This circuit, connected to 32 Ohm impedance mini-earphones, can detect very remote sounds. Useful for theatre, cinema and lecture goers: every word will be clearly heard. You can also listen to your television set at a very low volume, avoiding to bother relatives and neighbors. Even if you have a faultless hearing, you may discover unexpected sounds using this device: a remote bird twittering will seem very close to you.

The described device is used to convert the digital signal format S / PDIF (AES3) to analog signal. It can be used for any device with an output of uncompressed digital audio (CD or DVD players DVD, minidisc, PC sound card, CD-ROM). The device does not signal processor, and therefore not able to play compressed or encoded multichannel signal (AC3, MP3, respectively. Mpeg). Separate transmitter can improve the signal to noise ratio and to reduce interference, which is especially true for PC sound card.

The circuit provides both audio volume and input channel selection. A stepwise volume control is implemented with a set of small relays and resistors. In a high-end audio system, a noticable sound improvement over potentiomeneters can be obtained, also over 'audio grade' potentiometers. Clearly, the IR remote control provides convenience over solutions with stepped attenuator rotary switches. The sealed relays will maintain contact quality over a practically endless lifetime.

This simple tone control (bass & treble control) can be used in may audio applications. It can be added to amplifiers, used as a stand alone control module, or even built into new and exciting instruments. It uses NE5532 IC but other ICs such as LF353 or 4558 could be used as well. It requires dual +12V,-12V power supply.

This is battery powered amplifier based on LM386 chip and has an input buffer that is feeding the inverting input. The input buffer helps to retain treble details going into the LM386 chip. It is powered from a single 9V battery.

This circuit, connected to 32 Ohm impedance mini-earphones, can detect very remote sounds. Useful for theatre, cinema and lecture goers: every word will be clearly heard. You can also listen to your television set at a very low volume, avoiding to bother relatives and neighbors. Even if you have a faultless hearing, you may discover unexpected sounds using this device: a remote bird twittering will seem very close to you. Ear amplifier is powered by 1.5V battery and draws only 7.5mA of current. The heart of the circuit is a constant-volume control amplifier. All the signals picked-up by the microphone are amplified at a constant level of about 1 Volt peak to peak. In this manner very low amplitude audio signals are highly amplified and high amplitude ones are limited. This operation is accomplished by Q3, modifying the bias of Q1 (hence its AC gain) by means of R2.

In today’s hectic and noisy world, we are all searching for a little peace and quiet. Well, you might not be able to slip off to a tranquil forest for an hour or two, but you can block out background noise with the Noise-Canceling Headphones. The theory behind this project is that by picking up ambient sound with a microphone and reproducing it out of phase, we can actively cancel or "null" out background noise. In fact, several commercially available devices perform the same function. However, by building your own headset, you can add features not otherwise available and have fun while doing it! Along with noise-features, the Active Noise-Canceling Headphones let you mix in an auxiliary line-level signal from a CD or tape player. That allows you to minimize background noise while quietly listening to music. The project also has a phase switch that will let you keep the microphone signals in phase, thus amplifying background sound. In addition, the design of the Noise-Canceling Headphones lends itself to several other interesting functions, which we will look at later.

Here is a simple and cheap amp to make.

This is a Chu Moy headphone amp I made. I got the PCB design from Guzzler from Head-Fi and the original design is very popular and is here. I changed Guzzler's layout so I could use a Taiwan Alpha pot on the PCB. These pots a high quality (some say better than ALPS blue velvet) and are available from Jaycar. You can see the thread here. I also made a DIY Brown dog adapter so I could use two OPA627 single opamps in a dual opamp socket.

Here is a simple 8W Class A Amplifier. I am very pleased with the sonic results of this amplifier. It really does not disappoint. Even using fairly standard 3 way speakers in a large room, surprisingly there is ample power. What strikes me the most is the ability of this amplifier to differentiate between instruments and noises in the sound stage. This clarity is what I like most and I think this is achieved by deceptively simple and pure circuit topology. I used the original board layout, transistors and JFETs, and made some modifications. Heat sinking was increased to approximately triple the amount recommended. Instead of using the standard bridge rectifier, capacitor bank and battery setup, I opted for a fully regulated supply with a total of 127,0000 uF capacitance per channel and a 500 VA toroid transformer.

Presented here is a Class A headphone amplifier built around OPA134 opamp and IRF510 MOSFET power transistor as output stage and current driver. Quality, sound engineering applications, the most important criterion. Although many criteria used in the definition of quality for Class A amplifier. The most important feature, new crossover and work conditions and very low intermodulation distortion characteristics of a sound is very close to nature. Audio gurus know very well that the sound of a class A amplifier is the best one you can ever get.

This class A headphone amplifier can output up to 0.5W into a 32-ohm headphones. I built this headphone amplifier for dynamic headphones based on my rules of proper audio design. People who know my designs will realize that this headphone amplifier is much more than just a headphone amp. It is a pure class A design containing a new never-before-seen servo loop that is not part of the audio signal chain in any way. The sound of this class A headphone amplifier is just amazing.

This is simple to build audiophile class-A tube headphone amplifier. It is based around 12AU7 / ECC82 audiophile vacuum tube that provides warm, rich and smooth sound expected from audiophile amplifiers. The 12AU7 (ECC82) is a Twin Triode vacuum tube, it is very popular in the audio world because it is rather rugged and can be operated at lower voltages. Headphone amplifier and 12AU7 tube is powered by just 12V DC voltage. This is great news for those new to vacuum tubes that want experience and learn more about them. Typically vacuum tubes operate at high and dangerous voltages so you must have some experience and know what you are doing. On the other hand this headphone amplifier operates at low 12V voltage so it is safe to build and experiment.

I am using this Class A Amplifier with a 12AU7 based valve preamp. It produces the most purest sound. I have no idea of distortion levels etc. but it has a very fine grain and delicately textured quality. With only one watt of output efficient speakers must be used. Bass is better than the design predicts and the amp drives my 12" 63L based 3-way speakers with ease.

Not thrilled with how a computer soundcard drove my 32ohm headphones so I decided to build myself class-A mosfet headphone amplifier. As with most of my projects, the goal was to keep it simple, keep cost down and try use some salvaged parts. This is a simple do-it-yourself (DIY) headphone amplifier project that is fashioned primarily after the Class A MOSFET Headphone Driver project by Greg Szekeres and to some extent Mark's DIY Class A 2SK1058 MOSFET Amplifier Project. The amplifier concept is simple and follows a typical single-ended class A circuit utilizing an active constant current source (CCS) in place of a passive resistor. A CCS doubles the efficiency of the circuit over that where a passive load resistor is used, bringing it to a maximum of 25%.

This Class-A Push-Pull Tube Power Amplifier uses a Pair of Push-Pull Class A, Ultra Linear Mono Block Tube Amplifiers that can be used with several different vacuum tubes including KT77 / 6L6GC / KT88 with a 12SL7 driver and 6NO30 tubes. The amplifier stage is based on the Compact Hi-Fi Power Amplifier. One thing about DIY audio is that it is a journey, not a destination, it never ends. One project leads to another. The only limits are time and money. DIY audio is a lot about perfection. While I was quite happy with my previous tube amplifier projects, I felt there was room to improve (here comes the journey again). I like to be involved in the music. If anything sticks out, it will degrade the experience. So I tend to like smooth response, lots of detail, wide soundstage and full spectrum of sound. These amps deliver all that in quantity. Regardless of what tubes I used for outputs, the sound is "silky" and refined.

CMoy is very simple portable headphone amplifier. The amplifier was originally posted by Chu Moy on headwize.com. The best source of information about this amplifier is article How to Build the CMoy Pocket Amplifier. If you use Google, you will find many pages and pictures about CMoy. Few months ago I decided built this amplifier also. In my post you can find my experience with creating this simple but very good amplifier.

This project is based on ISD2560P IC which allows us to record 60 seconds voice and playback it with very high quality. As shown in the schematic, we input the voice by using an electret microphone. If a dynamic microphone is used, R2,R3,R4 resistors and C3,C5,C7 capacitors will be omitted and microphone will be connected to 17 and 18 numbered pins directly. Since it has better frequency response, we choose electret microphone in this project.

This circuit could be used for replacing your manual volume control in a stereo amplifier. In this circuit, push-to-on switch S1 controls the forward (volume increase) operation of both channels while a similar switch S2 controls reverse (volume decrease) operation of both channels. A readily available IC from Dallas semiconductor, DS1669 is used here.

For transfer of digital audio between devices is standardized S/PDIF interface (electrical) and TOSLINK (optical) for commercial use, or AES3 for professional use. S/PDIF decoder module is used for converting of this interface to I2S interface, which is usually used on audio DACs. For conversion we can use for example integrated circuit CS8416 or DIR9001. In building of DAC in past I had troubles with resetting circuit CS8416 in hardware mode. Now I select DIR9001 which works perfectly and he has lower jitter than CS8416.

So this time I decided to make pretty simple but powerful enough car audio amplifier. For this I’ve chosen quad bridge car audio amplifier TDA7384 which has four input and four output channels with power capability of 4x35W. As datasheets of TDA7384 says it is low distortion, low output noise, low external component count. Also has Stand-By function and Mute function. It has several protections like from output short circuit to GND or to Vs, capable to handle very inductive loads, thermal limiter, load dump voltage. TDA7384 is an AB power amplifier cased in flexiwatt25 (eagle library is included in project archive) package witch is designed for high end car radio applications. It allows rail to rail output voltage swing with no need of boot-strap capacitors.

Simple Class-A power amp that uses complementary pair of IRFP240 and IRFP9240 MOSFET transistors. The intention of this project was to build simple, but high quality amplifier. The aim was reached by integrating the whole input driver in one IC and adding high power transistor output stage. As you can see on the schematic the amplifier has very simple structure. At the input there is high quality and relative high power TI IC OPA552. It drives a complementary pair od MOSFET transistors IRFP240 and IRFP9240. The gain of the whole circut is set to 40x. The TL431 is to set the operation point of output transistors. The idle current is set to 80mA, so the amplifier works in A class for it's first few watts. The more current the longer it stays in A class, but the more power to be dissipated. With 80mA and these heatsinks it still goes very hot after long playing.

Control audio volume, LCD contrast, frequency, etc. by using two buttons instead of a common potentiometer. This circuit explains how we do it with Maxim's DS1669 IC. This IC is very popular and is widely used because it is a potentiometer that never wears down. By using S1 and S2 pushbuttons you can adjust the resistance. C1 is only a 0.1uF ceramic capacitor. You can use the datasheet of DS1669 to get more detailed information.

DS1802 is a Stereo Digital Volume Control IC. It consists of two 65-position, 45kΩ digital potentiometers with logarithmic resistance properties incrementing 1dB per step. It can be operated under automatic software control via a serial 3-wire interface where wiper settings are written with 8-bit words, or under push button control with simple contact closure. The part can be used in either 3V or 5V environments and anywhere within the industrial temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. The DS1802 supports daisy-chaining with other devices under single-processor control.

I am a big fan of surround sound. Up until the moment I finished this amp, I was using two two-channel amplifiers to power four speakers. This was very annoying, because it meant I had two volume controls. This invariably meant that the balance between front and rear was off. Added to this, was that the amplifier for the rear speakers was not very good. It produced too much noise, and allowed clicks and pops from the power grid through, to be amplified and heard. I decided I was going to build a four channel power amplifier, and later a pre-amplifier to feed it. You might wonder why I didn't choose to make a five channel one instead. This is because I don't see the use of the center channel. I will probably write an article detailing why, but for now, suffice it to say that four channels is enough for 2 dimensional sound, which is what 5.1 is as well.

In this application, we are building a gaincard like amplifier. This application type is named gainclone in the audio world. To take a satisfactory audio response, we are adding a Linkwitz equaliser to the feedback line and adding bass compensation also. We are using LM3886 which is the revised version of its brother LM3875. These are the parameters that we are interested in. Honestly this values are much more better than many of HI-FI amplifiers sold in the market. Especially it is hard to find 110dB signal to noise ratio. And another property is, when there is no input, this amplifier is quite like a dead. It is nearly impossible to hear any noise when you stick your ear to the speakers.

A general purpose audio power amplifier is a must have for the electronics amateur. It's not a good thing to use your HiFi set for an experiment, when there's a risk of blowing it's transistor out. Amplifier for your experiments should be simple in construction, durable, and easy to repair. Also a portable, low power consumption and battery powered. Taking the considerations above, I gave you the PCB design for the TBA820M based amplifier. It is rated for 2Watts of RMS power output (16W PMPO) but gives even two times more if you cool it well by some tricks. I've been using this circuit for over ten years and personally still surprised by it's durability, thinking of how many short circuits and overdrives it is subjected.

This circuit was designed to obtain a valve-like distorted sound from an electric guitar or other musical instrument. For this purpose a very high gain, three-FET amplifier circuit, was used. The output square wave shows marked rounded corners, typical of valve-circuits when driven into saturation. Therefore, the distorted sound obtained from such a device has a peculiar tone, much loved by most leading guitarists.

This is circuit Car audio Amplifier(Bridge Amplifier BCL) , It use IC HA1377, Supply Volt 12V-13V. Speaker 4 OHM. Nice Circuit and Easy to Build.

After the euphoria over receiving my new Sony Minidisc bundle had partially subsided, I noticed that the portable unit, the MZ-E40, has a rather weak output. Measurements showed that it can only manage 80mV rms output and only about 74dB SPL output from the phones. This is when recording at average level with 8dB of headroom. In contrast, an orchestra can deliver more than 95dB SPL and they aren't considered headbangers. I tried all sorts of solutions, but in the end realized that the only solution yielding the headroom and quality worthy of the marvelous minidisc is to build a headphone amp from scratch.

Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders. * Tested with several headphone models of different impedance: 32, 100, 245, 300, 600 & 2000 Ohm. * Old 8 Ohm impedance headphones can be also driven, but these obsolete devices are not recommended. * Schematic shows left channel and power supply (common to both channels). * Numbers in parentheses show IC1 right channel pin connections. * A correct grounding is very important to eliminate hum and ground loops. Connect to the same point the ground sides of J1, P1, C2, C3 & C4. Then connect separately the input and output grounds to the power supply ground.

Regulator: This board supplies DAC board with +/- 15V for analog section. MUR860 in rectifier bridge, LM317 and Lm337 as regulator IC's and BG-STD at the output. LM317, LM337 power supply PCM2702: A little modified version of producent application. BlackGate-STD used in OPA2602 power supply, BG-N in analog and Sanyo OS-Cono in digital PCM section. At the output Panasonic FC.

The heart of this circuit is low-cost 16-bit Philips DAC. As a SPDIF decoder was chosen Cirrus Logic CS8412 IC with SN75179 as an input driver. Each IC have it's own AN800x regulator and there are separate wiring for analog and digital section.

I wanted to make this HI-FI Valve Amplifier so that MCS can be considered a classic brand like a lot, but my hand veteran tuner anfimden kopamıyordum transistor amplifier at the end of this one day I decided to take it in my hand as long as I have somehow amplifier kurtulamayacaktım air after breakfast and drinking my tea I gave trying to check if the decision is correct Cry with her ​​almost 15 years we have not shared this with less than animism, but cherish her ​​love of rock music by pressing the send us compelled to take this tube amplifier device bitirebilecektim yes, I was sure before I took a friend who wants to 3 months without music ... without it stood late Tagged with kamçılandım ITSELF HERE:)

This is an article about my new PCB design for CMoy headphone amplifier. Main feature is that the new PCB fits exactly to the classic Altoids tin-can. This new CMoy incorporates moreover bass-boost circuit and constant current charger for 9V battery.

The LM3886 is a high-performance audio power amplifier capable of delivering 68W of continuous average power to a 4? load and 38W into 8? with 0.1% THD+N from 20Hz–20kHz. The performance of the LM3886, utilizing its Self Peak Instantaneous Temperature SPiKe protection circuitry, puts it in a class above discrete and hybrid amplifiers by providing an inherently, dynamically protected Safe Operating Area. SPiKe protection means that these parts are completely safeguarded at the output against over voltage, under voltage, overloads, including shorts to the supplies, thermal runaway, and instantaneous temperature peaks. The LM3886 maintains an excellent signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 92dB. It exhibits extremely low THD+N values of 0.03% at the rated output into the rated load over the audio spectrum, and provides excellent linearity with an IMD typical rating of 0.004%.

Simple Hybrid Headphone Amplifier DIY Audio Project. Rogers has put together a very simple hybrid headphone amplifier. The head amp uses a 12AU7/ECC82 vacuum tube for voltage gain stage and a IRF612 MOSFET follower biased in Class A with a passive CCS. What is nice about the project is that both the tube and MOSFET operate off of a 24V external switch mode power supply. Read on for more details about 12AU7 Tube / IRF610 MOSFET Hybrid Headphone Amplifier.

Here's a simple to build hybrid tube headphone amplifier built around 12AU7 / ECC82 vacuum tube. I have always been intrigued by tube amplifiers, but most DIY kits are very expensive and use very high voltage. So I decided to build an amplifier that would be inexpensive and had the least amount of parts necessary to drive a pair of 32 ohm Grado headphones. Having built several YAHA amps based on the fa-schmidt design, and a Szekeres Mosfet follower I wondered how the two would sound together. So I built the schematic into TINA-TI, a free spice based program to test circuits before the build, and the results were remarkable. Nearly 20dB of gain across 20Hz-100kHz from a 13VDC power supply. As you see in the schematic and parts list, there are less than 30 discrete components and most DIY'ers will have them as spares from other builds. I chose the 12AU7 / ECC82 vacuum tube because it can be driven with low voltage and the filament voltage is 12.6 volts, so there is no need to regulate the voltage any further. I used 1/4W resistors in the first stage and 2W in the second. The 2W resistors may be overkill but I did not want to change them later. The 20ohm resistor must be a minimum of 5W and do not use wire wound, as the inductive characteristics will distort the response curve.

If you have ever wanted to plug in a pro-quality microphone and headphone to an iPhone or iPod touch, pay attention and read on. This guide will show you how to make a cable that will allow you to do just that. It’s not that hard as long as you can solder well, and can locate the right stuff. But in the end, you’ll end up making a little dongle that will allow you to plug in a mic and headphones separately.

This one goes out to everyone that has an iPod or two laying about and an itchy soldering iron and thinks that the standard USB or Firewire dock just isn't quite good enough. The tiny thirty pin dock connector on the bottom of later model iPods contains quite a few connections and we want to take advantage of all of them: audio, video, serial, USB and Firewire. Today, we're bringing you part one of a How-To series on designing and building your own iPod super dock.

The 1996 version using the specified transistors with +/-22V supply rails and a quiescent current of 2A has an approximate rms power output, into a resistive load, of 10W into 16ohm, 20W into 8ohm, 15W into 4ohm and 10W into 2ohm. For minimum distortion, Tr1 and Tr2 should be a matched pair. If this is not possible, the device with the higher gain should be used in the Tr1 position. Low gain output devices such as the 2N3055 should only be used with a high gain driver transistor, for example the 2N1711 or 2N3019 (or a suitable alternative - perhaps a specially selected BD139).

This version of the JLH Class-A amplifier is the result of a series of emails and design discussions.

Tim is a professional musician (a classical concert pianist) and so I trust his subjective judgement when it comes to assessing the accuracy and realism of sound reproduction. Before Tim first contacted me, he had built a kit version of the 1996 design, which he had subsequently upgraded with higher quality components. Though Tim was happy with the results, he was keen to see if further improvements could be made to the sound quality and I was pleased to be able to suggest various circuit modifications, the majority of which subsequently proved to be very worthwhile. Each of the modifications was carried out separately so that the results could be evaluated on an individual basis.

KRELL KMA160 Class-A mono block amplifier. The output power is 160 Watts for 8 Ohms and 320 Watts for 4 Ohms loudspeakers.

Single Ended Valve Triode Amplifier has not same tone with Push Psu Amplifier. Over 90% of Amplifiers are push pull, and push pull amplifier does not 2nd harmonic and off course does not get 2nd 4th, 6th harmonic vs SE has 2nd, 4th, 6th harmonic. Push pull has minor distortion than SE Amplifier.2nd harmonic is make good tone for Music.not too much and not less than.feel good sound get from Single Ended Amplifiers with high efficiency speakers from 88dB/m to 100dB/m. I means Single Ended Amplifier is almost Single Ended Triode Amplifier.or Penthode but wired Triode. Tone is Different.good for Jazz and small room Classic.

The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to 200.

This amplifier is very easy to make and very compact, works with a single power source whose value can be between 4V and 12V.It is based on the use of a type LM386 amplifier, capable alone to issue a power of several hundreds of milliwatts to a load (HP) of 8 ohms, while consuming only a few mA at rest. Ideal for make a small portable battery powered amp. The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to 200.The inputs are ground referenced while the output automatically biases to one-half the supply voltage. The quiescent power drain is only 24 milliwatts when operating from a 6 volt supply, making the LM386 ideal for battery operation.

Many electronic projects require the use of a small audio amplifier. Be it a radio transceiver, a digital voice recorder, or an intercom, they all call for an audio amp that is small, cheap, and has enough power to provide adequate loudness to fill a room, without pretending to serve a disco! About one Watt RMS seems to be a convenient size, and this is also about the highest power that a simple amplifier fed from 12V can put into an 8 Ohm speaker. A very low saturation amplifier may go as high up as 2 Watt, but any higher power requires the use of a higher voltage power supply, lower speaker impedance, a bridge circuit, or a combination of those. During my many years building electronic things I have needed small audio amps many times, and have pretty much standardized on a few IC solutions, first and and foremost the LM386, which is small, cheap, and very easy to use. But it does not produce high quality audio... For many applications, the advantages weigh more than the distortion and noise of this chip, so that I used it anyway. In other cases I used different chips, which perform better but need more complex circuits. Often these chips were no longer available the next time I needed a small amplifier.

This simple amplifier shows the LM386 in a high-gain configuration (A = 200). For a maximum gain of only 20, leave out the 10 uF connected from pin 1 to pin 8. Maximum gains between 20 and 200 may be realized by adding a selected resistor in series with the same 10 uF capacitor. The 10k potentiometer will give the amplifier a variable gain from zero up to the maximum.

This project shows how to build an Audio amplifier based on LM386 IC. The circuit is very simple and construction is easy on a breadboard. The LM386 IC is unique in that the gain can be modified by changing Resistor R2 and Capacitor C2. This configuration will give us a gain of 20. By removing R2 and connecting C2 across pins 1 and 8, we can increase the gain to 200. It is important to understand that increasing the gain does not increase the output power. The increased gain is only used when a very low input signal is to be amplified. In a previous article I discussed building audio amplifiers using discrete transistors. While it is possible to build good audio amplifiers from discrete transistors, they are no match for the many audio amp IC's available to us. IC's offer many advantages including high efficiency, high gain, low standby current, low component count, small size and ,of course, low cost. It is little wonder that audio amp IC's have replaced discrete transistors in most consumer electronic devices. While many experimenters have stayed away from these little black mysteries, I am going to uncover some of their secrets and demonstrate how easy they are to use.

It's always handy to have a little amp kicking around to trace audio signals, test mics, CD tape and TV audio outputs. You know, something that doesn't weigh a lot and isn't clumsy. There are tons of uses for this little circuit. There are a couple of versions of this amplifier chip. Both are 8 pin DIP packages and the difference between the two are apparent by their part numbers. Either are suited for this circuit provided the supply voltage does not exceed the recommended 5 to 12 volt DC range. Power output can range from about 325 mW to about 750 mW within this supply range when using an 8 ohm speaker. Power it with batteries or a small DC supply...why not solar cells or a little windmill generator?

Gainclone is a single integrated circuit based on an operational amplifier (op amp) on a single substrate of silicon. The LM3875 is the "weapon of choice". This great chip, is a little larger than the size of a thumbnail and can deliver up to 56W RMS continuous with 100W peaks and it can do this at 0.05% distortion! Because they are DC amplifiers (DC coupling right through the amp) they can go all the way to 400kHz! The first chipamp I built was a pair of monoblocks. Though these are a little industrial looking, they deliver big time.

You read where the subjective reviewer tells of the equipment vanishing and revealing the music unfettered. Well for the first time with any of mine or anyone else's gear that this is what I hear. There are no speakers there is just the music. A soundstage projecting from the wall behind and from the sides fills the room (7 x 8 x 2.5 m) with clear detail and multilayer texture and complex timbres. The setup consists of a NAD C542 CD Player, DIY Cotton ConneX interconnects (similar to the DIY Silver Interconnect Cables but with cotton insulation), the Synergy LM3875 amp and small two-way bookshelf speakers. Speaker cables are twin runs of oxygen free copper cable. I expect the amp to improve over the next weeks but for now I am stunned!

Gainclone amplifiers have VERY few components and this one is based on the National Semiconductor LM3875 IC. The PCBs and components are very simple and quick to make, only took about 20 mins to assemble both amps and rectifier board. DC offset was about 80mV on one channel and about 40mV on the other. I used the optional Ci capacitor in the national datasheet for the IC which reduced it to between 0-4mV: This is the capacitor I chose, its an Elna Starget (expensive). The case was MUCH more time consuming and difficult to make though. I bought all the aluminium from a scrap metal yard including the heatsink. I got my aluminium panels cut at a sheet metal shop as I cant make straight cuts with a hack saw.

This is a basic design with a single LM3875TF chip per side, and one shared toroidal transformer. I will be making two of these amplifiers simultaneously but with a few critical component differences. One is based on standard components, and one on premium components. There was a lot of deliberation on the type of transformer to get, particularly the secondary voltages. The concern here is the target load as, generally speaking, the higher the voltage, the less suited it is to drive low impedance loads (4ohms). I settled on 20 volt secondaries which I think is a good compromise, feeling that 18v is perhaps a little too low and 22v a little too high to get the max with a 4 ohm load whilst minimising output loss if using 8 ohms. The ability to run stable at 4 ohms is paramount to me to keep it open to different applications, and output wattage is relatively unimportant for this design.

The amp described on this page, is a very simple poweramp based on the National Semiconductor chip LM3875. According to National it's a chip meant for TVs, compact stereos etc. But many people claim that these chips are great high-end amps... So I decided to try building one. The "design" work was quickly done, as I just used the guidelines and sample circuit of the datasheet. I designed a small PCB for the amp (I'm lazy), and I made it double sided to make it easier to keep all the ground lines separate, as recommended by National. The prototype board can be seen below with a 100VA toroid I used for testing.

The amp is based on the Project 19 PCB, so uses a pair of LM3876 (or LM3886) power opamps, run from a ±35V supply. I used a cut-down P88 preamp PCB because I only wanted one preamplifier stage, but the entire board can also be used. Alternatively, the P19 amp can be run at higher gain than normal, alleviating the need for a preamp at all. The down side of this is that the noise level will be higher, and background noise may be audible with efficient speakers and/ or very quiet surroundings.

When I fired it up for the first time, I was immediately surprised with how much power was available, the level of detail and the nice bass response. It sounded much better than I was expecting and much better than it should considering the simplicity and low cost. Initially, I thought it sounded a little bright, but after about 12 hours the sound became more relaxed.

Several years ago, National Semiconductor came out with some very high performance, easy to use audio power LM3886 amplifier ICs. I was in need of an extra amplifier so I could biamp some of my home-built electrostatic loudspeakers so I tried the LM3886 chip. LM3886 amplifier was chosen because of the ease of use, power output, turn-on and off thump suppression, low distortion, and built-in protection against shorts and thermal runaway. There isn't much more to ask of a power amp than that. When driving electrostatic speakers, you can't have too much protection.

Several years ago, National Semiconductor came up with some very high performance, easy to use audio power amplifier LM3886 circuits. I needed an extra amp so I can bi-amp some of my homemade electrostatic speakers so I tried the LM3886 chip. LM3886 amplifier was chosen because of ease of use, performance, low distortion and a built-in protection against short circuits and thermal instability. There is not much to remove a power amp, than asking. When driving electrostatic speakers, you can not be much protection. There are people who have “golden ears” and the feeling, provided that no application note scheme is never good enough for it to “Optimize” to “improvements” to make a claim. The problem is that most of them do not engineers and have no idea what the possible consequences of their “improvements” can be. For example, for a few years if these chips were popular with the audiophile crowd, it was all the rage at minimum power filter caps for “Best Sound” to use. We are talking about 500 uF on each power rail for each chip used LM3886 amplifier. This is clearly insufficient and leads to a distortion in the volume low enough that the power supply sags under load. The problem was that some of the golden ears of the large power supply rejection IC spec saw and thought it meant that the chip could tolerate the 10V power supply ripple. The pendulum has swung the other way, and now many music lovers are sufficient amounts of energy storage in the diet.

In this application, we are building a gaincard like amplifier. This application type is named gainclone in audio world. To take a satisfactory audio response, we are adding a Linkwitz equaliser to the feedback line and adding bass compensation also. We are using LM3886 which is the revised version of its brother LM3875. These are the parameters that we are intereted in. Honestly this values are much more better than many of HI-FI amplifiers sold in the market. Especially it is hard to find 110dB signal to noise ratio. And another property is, when there is no input, this amplifier is quite like a dead. It is nearly impossible to hear any noise when you stick your ear to the speakers.

This is a monoblock Gainclone amp based on a LM3886 IC which is more suited to 4 ohm loads. It will output 70 Watts into 4 ohms. This version also uses a very high capacitance PSU and a snubber. The case is made entirely out of recycled aluminum bought from scrap metal yards.

This is a simple chassis using just 4 aluminum panels and 2 heatsinks. Designed around dimensions to tightly pack in a LM3886 chip amp kit. The top and bottom panels sit in ridges cut into the heatsinks with a table saw, and then the front and back panels just bolt into the end fins. Rear panel fixings are held with M3 nut and bolts, and panels that join to the heatsinks are held by M4 bolts tapped directly into the heatsinks so no additional brackets are required. Heatsinks are 75 x 160 x 50mm with a 10mm thick base.

Here's a 2x60W LM4780 Power Amplifier. LM3886 is very interested in our project was the first project, and were acclaimed. But the feedback we receive from you, from scratch, we knew we should make a complete device. One reason for that, but hard to find and the LM3886 integrated into the original cost of a fact to be taken into consideration. In this project, in which hosts two LM3886 LM4780 integrated with Integration, ie, making a complete amplifier. Advantageous LM4780 is an integrated, cost of both purchase price aşacağından sahtesinin made ​​of forged-not-at least we do not see, but also would have received only two LM3886 price, or even more cheaply. We mean the complete amplifier, pre-amplifier, power amplifier and power supply hosts, ready for use, kutulayıp living room you can put the head in a corner of the device. If your hand if you have preamps or power amplifier, may be helpful in other projects.

LM4780 gainclone amplifier with a design similar to the National Semiconductor BPA-200 (Bridge/Parallel Amplifier) which uses 4x LM3886 per channel and an input buffer. The total effect is (2x LM3886's paralleled amplifiers) 2x Bridged and should give approx 225 watts into 8 ohm and 335 watts into 4 ohm speakers when used with a sufficient power supply.

Having decided to build an ultra-compact design, using a spare LM4780 seemed like an obvious plan. Having said that, I might choose a different IC if I didn't already have one to hand. The LM4780 contains two LM3886 dies (reference) giving 60 watts per channel, which is rather more than required this application. National Semiconductor make an enormous range of IC's with differing power levels and configurations, and there are plenty of possible candidates for this application - after all, we only need a few watts as this amplifier will principally be driving small speakers on the computer desk.

Having decided to build an ultra-compact design, using a spare LM4780 seemed like an obvious plan. Having said that, I might choose a different IC if I didn't already have one to hand. The LM4780 contains two LM3886 dies (reference) giving 60 watts per channel, which is rather more than required this application. National Semiconductor make an enormous range of IC's with differing power levels and configurations, and there are plenty of possible candidates for this application - after all, we only need a few watts as this amplifier will principally be driving small speakers on the computer desk.

Something you should use in any amplifier, especially in discrete amplifiers, is loudspeaker protection. The first part is the DC detector. This circuit will trigger the Off output if DC is present on the audio lines. The input goes through a low pass filter and then through the diodes. If there's any DC on the lines it will turn on the two transistors who will then turn on Q3, which triggers the Off signal.

Many hi-fi amplifiers and professional power amps (and loudspeaker systems) provide some of protection, either to protect the speakers from an amp fault, and/or vice versa. Some of these are implemented at a very basic level - for example the use of a 'poly-switch'. The poly-switch is a non-linear resistor, having a low resistance at normal temperatures and a much higher resistance at some designated temperature. Unlike 'ordinary' thermistors whose characteristics are more or less linear, the poly switch has a rapid transition once the limit has been reached. The circuit also includes a mute function, which leaves the speakers disconnected until the amplifier has settled, and disconnects the speakers as quickly as possible after power is removed to prevent the turn-off noises that some amps generate. These can range from a low level thump 5 to 10 seconds after power is turned off, to whistles, squeaks and other strange noises that I have heard from amps over the years.

This is a small protection circuit from loudspeakers, from DC voltage that likely to exist after some damage in the power amplifier. If a DC voltage is presented in the exit of amplifier, RL1 it interrupts immediately the line of loudspeakers preventing thus to reach in he. Parallel it provides a delay time of 3 seconds from the moment where the power supply will be applied. This delay protects the loudspeakers from undesirable bangs that are observed when open the supply switch.

Here's low power stereo amplifier built around TDA2822 chip. Many people may have heard of the TDA2822 before, but for those who haven't, it is a small power amplifier that will drive two channels. It is usually in an 8-pin DIL package, but older versions I have seen are 14-pin or similar (there are datasheets for both variants). For simplicity though, my circuits show schematics for the 8-pin DIL package. The datasheet is here, provided by ST. This article is based along the usage of the TDA2822M variant of the chip series as it is commonly available. The TDA2822 is similar, but has slightly more pins so is less used.

This device is fully functional sound card for PC. The main advantage of using PCM2704 against PCM2702 is much easier construction. As you can see on the block diagram it has built-in 5V and 3.3 voltage regulator, HID interface (MUTE, VOL+, VOL-), S/PDIF output. The circuit can be powered directly from USB port. Next advantage is that the output DAC is able to drive directly 32ohms headphones, but the output power is only 12mW. For all details please refer to the PCM2704 datasheet.

This is probably one of the most legendary fuzz pedals that has ever existed, and for good reason too! This thing can produce some completely saturated fuzz that is capable of slipping into feedback easily if you crank it up loud enough. I just can't say enough about this pedal. This is, without a doubt, my all-time favorite fuzzer. It's a genuine kick in the teeth that will have a permanent spot in my setup. Supposedly, this is the fuzz pedal that Jimmy Page used on the first couple of Led Zeppelin albums, which makes it even more famous. Below is a picture of the circuit board in a ToneBender MKII.

This amplifier evolved from the previous 6 transistor mosfet amplifier. That design was already so good there seemed no reason to look for improvements, but the high open-loop distortion at 20kHz and the resulting triangular 'error voltage' extracted suggested that the non-linear mosfet capacitance was responsible for almost all the distortion, and although the closed-loop distortion remains below 0.01% this could easily be reduced further by driving the mosfets from a lower impedance just by adding an emitter-follower.

This 200W MOSFET Power amplifier is suitable for many applications such as Guitar Ampplifier, Mic or Home theater. As many people prefer because of its legendary robustness of MOSFET transistors. MOSFET amplifier is rated at 200W power with 4Ω speakers. It has good frequency range of 1 dB 20Hz up to 80kHz. THD is less than 0.1% at full power and signal to noise ratio when compared to 200W is better than -100 dB unweighted.

This is a very simple, low cost, Hi-Fi quality power amplifier. You can build it 5 ways, like it's shown in the table (from 20 W to 80 W RMS).

This is my MP3/AAC player project. The difference to most other players is that decoding is not done on a specialized IC (like VS1001), but directly on the microcontroller. It can play MP3 (all bit rates) and AAC (up to ~256 kbps) from SD card in real time. The project is work in progress.

This MP3 player similar to iPOD shuffle that is based on the latest innovative BU9432 chip from RHOM. It features USB 1.1 / 2.0 Controller, MP3 decoder, system controller for loading MP3 files from a USB flash drive, USB hard drive, USB CD-ROM or USB DVD-ROM drive all in one chip. Once USB flash drive is connected, BU9432 automatically searches for MP3 files for playback. Audio is controlled by tactile buttons; Play, Stop, Previous Song and Next Song. BU9432 can decode VBR MP3, MP2, MP1, Layer 1, 2, 3 files with Sampling rate: 8K - 48KHz and Bit rate: 8Kbps - 448Kbps. It can also recognize FAT16 and FAT32 USB flash drive / hard drive with capacity from 32MB to 2TBytes. Audio playback is exceptionally good with 93dB signal to noise ratio and 88dB dynamic range. This MP3 player is also controlled by a small IR remote control with the following functions; Play/Pause, Previous, Next Song, Vol - and Vol +.

This is old circuit Power amp OCL, But easy circuit and very nice. To use for play music in your home. It low cost too. It use IC 741 or LF351(good) and Transistor x 4 (2N3055+MJ2955+BD139+BD140) and little component. Power supply volt +35V/-35V and 3A for Mono, 5A for Stereo.

This is DAC with integrated circuit PCM1794A. It is one of excellent audio DACs from Burr Brown (Texas Instruments). It has 24-bit resolution, 192kHz sample frequency, 8x oversampling digital filter, differential current output and SNR 127dB.

The following is a simple USB DAC Soundcard. It uses PCM2707 that incorporates USB interface to communicate with the computer and audio DAC all in one chip.

Many of us have a pair of headphones connected to the output of the computer sound card us either to enjoy songs, or a game. Very likely your headphones and microphone, which also connect to the appropriate slot your sound card. But at some point broke down the female plug my sound card, and because quite a lot to change the plug when I put the headphones and when the speakers. A small structure is a sound card, USB, with stereo inputs / outputs, button to increase / volume button for volume and mute! When connected Windows will recognize as a sound card! With all the materials to be SMD, the cornered enough and fit into a small plastic box, which by one measure has a cable with USB plug, sound to go acoustic (Left / Right) and condenser microphones. The supply of (as imagined) is done by the USB port. The heart of the integrated circuit is PCM2902 of Burr-Brown by Texas Instruments. It is stereo 16-bit DAC and ADC, fully compatible with USB 1.1. DAC sampling frequencies are 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz, ADC has 8, 11.025, 16, 22.05, 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz. If you want more sound intensity, you will need to connect TDA 7050 amplifier to audio output.

This DAC is based on latest 32bit/384K PCM5102 DAC chip and DIR9001 from Texas Instruments. Sound quality produced by PCM5102 DAC is surprisingly good, very smooth and airy, with great dynamics and excellent soundstage. It features both S/PDIF and optical inputs connected to DIR9001 low jitter digital receiver. PCM5102 uses a next generation architecture based on the PCM1792/4 TI's flagship DACs. It has 112dB SNR, with an integrated negative rail charge pump and line driver, so you don't need no opamps at the end or dual split supplies. Just a simple RC low pass filter is all that is needed. In addition, there's a fancy PLL involved that will autodetect I2S rate, configure the device, and generate it's own internal master clock so no need for external clock. Entire DAC is powered by only 3.3V from 1117-33 regulator and consumes only 20mA of power. Although PCM5102 DAC can be powered by 4-12V DC voltage, it's recommended to power it from a single 3.7V LIPO battery to achieve the best performance.

Portable Headphone Amplifier powered by just 3 Volts. Notes: * Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders. * Tested with several headphone models of different impedance: 32, 100, 245, 300, 600 & 2000 Ohm. * Schematic shows left channel only. * B1, SW1, J1 & C3 are common to both channels. * R3 value was calculated for headphone impedance up to 300 Ohm. Using 600 Ohm loads or higher, change R3 value to 100K.

This little tube amplifier is easy to build and will fit into a small metal Altoids box and can be carried around. It can be build with few common parts, that should be readily available. Amplifier works with many tubes like 6DJ8, ECC88, 6922, 12AT7, 12AX7, DAF96, 1T4, etc. It is powered by 12V supply and power consumption may be optimized to allow for small rechargeable battery packs.

This new amp (like the original) is based on an amp I originally designed many years ago, of which hundreds were built. Most were operated as small PA or instrument amps, but many also found their way into home hi-fi systems. The amp is perfectly capable of driving 4 Ohms, provided the supply voltage is maintained at no more than ±35V.

The traditional potentiometer is implemented with an electrical contact that slides over a resistive layer. An example of a well-known audio-grade potmeter is the Alps Blue. I still use this one myself. A high-end (good and costly) alternative is the rotary switch. This device consists of a series of discrete resistors and switches, of which always one switch is actually closed. Resistor-switch networks can offer advantages over the potentiometer such as: * Improved quality of the electrical contact, in comparison with the slider. * Improved consistency between separate audio channels (stereo or multi-channel) * Less sensitive to dust and wear.

This is quite possibly the simplest S/PDIF receiver and DAC available. It uses the absolute minimum of parts, and also minimises the connections and control functionality usually provided. It is still a serious project, and is not recommended for beginners. As shown, the connection is COAX (but will almost certainly handle TTL just as well). If you want a dedicated TTL to COAX converter, there is an adapter shown at the end of this article. The spare gates in the 74HC04 package may be used for the adapter if desired.

This device is fully functional sound card for PC. The main advantage of using PCM2704 against PCM2702 is much easier construction. As you can see on the block diagram it has built-in 5V and 3.3 voltage regulator, HID interface (MUTE, VOL+, VOL-), S/PDIF output. The circuit can be powered directly from USB port. Next advantage is that the output DAC is able to drive directly 32ohms headphones.

This sensitive sound operated switch can be used with a dynamic microphone insert as above, or be used with an electric (ECM) microphone.

The circuit protection output of power amplifiers and loudspeakers, dispose certain interesting elements, as the isolation of loudspeakers from the exit of amplifier, when is presented continuous voltage in his exit or when the temperature of heatsink, goes up excessively, providing simultaneously and time delay in the connection loudspeakers in the amplifier, so that we avoid pass in them, the known annoying noises from the charge - discharge of capacitors of supply.

I built my first power amplifier when I was still in secondary school. The circuit was made of transistors, didn't provide much power and had an ugly PCB. Around the same time I got access to a datasheet of TDA1524, a tone/volume control circuit, and I decided to use it to build a pre-amplifier, to improve the quality of the sound coming out of the amplifer. Both circuits worked well for almost a decade but the old amplifier was never up to my expectations. In 2006 I decided that it was time to build a real power amplifier, this time based on an integrated circuit to reduce the number of external components and cost.

If you built our 20W Class-A Stereo Amplifier described last year, you will be aware that it lacks a headphone socket. Similarly, many hifi valve amplifiers also lack a headphone socket, the assumption being that a true hifi enthusiast will want to listen via good-quality loudspeakers. A headphone output was not included in the Class-A Stereo Amplifier because it would degrade its superb audio performance. Both the wiring paths and the general circuit layout are critical factors in the design and any changes, however slight, can cause big changes in the signal-to-noise ratio and harmonic distortion figures of the amplifier. Click for larger image Fig.1: the Stereo Headphone Adaptor connects between your stereo amplifier and the loud-speakers and can drive two pairs of headphones. If you do want to listen via headphones, a far better option is to build the simple Stereo Headphone Adaptor presented here. It connects directly to the amplifier’s speaker terminals and switches the loudspeakers and stereo headphone sockets using two DPDT (double-pole, double-throw) relays, so there’s no chance of it degrading the audio performance.

PCB Tone control adjustable bass-treble Stereo by IC LM348

This is a dual/stereo headphone amplifier with high quality audio built around OPA2134. This headphone amplifier can drive high or low impedance phones with low noise and distortion. When used with line level signals from CD/MP3 players, etc., requiring only a power supply and volume potentiometer. Many high-power amplifier audio designs have already provided an output for headphones. To support simple headphones, additional circuitry is required by adding only two resistors in series with the loudspeaker output to limit the drive current and protects the phone that in terms of reinforcing failure. Considering its simplicity, this scheme works well resistive limit, although it will cause distortion if the load is non-linear - a prospect that may be most headphones. In addition to eliminating potential sources of distortion, there are a number of other reasons why you might consider to build a separate headphone amplifier.

Schematics for many TDA based amplifiers.

The TDA1010 is a monolithic integrated class-B audio amplifier circuit in a 9-lead single in-line (SIL) plastic package. The device is primarily developed as a 6 W car radio amplifier for use with 4 Wand 2 Wload impedances. The wide supply voltage range and the flexibility of the IC make it an attractive proposition for record players and tape recorders with output powers up to 10 W.

The TDA1011 is a monolithic integrated audio amplifier circuit in a 9-lead single in-line (SIL) plastic package. The device is especially designed for portable radio and recorder applications and delivers up to 4 W in a 4 W load impedance. The device can deliver up to 6 W into 4 W at 16 V loaded supply in mains-fed applications. The maximum permissible supply voltage of 24 V makes this circuit very suitable for d.c. and a.c. apparatus, while the very low applicable supply voltage of 3,6 V permits 6 V applications.

The TDA1013 is an integrated audio amplifier circuit with DC volume control, encapsulated in a 9-lead single in-line (SIL) plastic package. The wide supply voltage range makes this circuit ideal for applications in mains and battery-fed apparatus such as television receivers and record players. The DC volume control stage has a logarithmic control characteristic with a range of more than 80 dB; control is by means of a DC voltage variable between 2 and 6.5 V.

TDA2002 8W Car Radio Power Amplifier with 10V-14V single rail voltage supply. Power output is 8W. Recommended for speakers with 2-8 ohm impedance.

TDA2003 10W Power Amplifier powered by 8-14V single rail voltage supply. Recommended for speakers with 2-8 ohm impedance.

12W TDA2006 power audio amplifier with 11V to 14V single voltage supply. For speakers with 2-8 ohm impedance.

There are many instances where a very simple to build (and relatively cheap) power amplifier is needed. The TDA2030 is a single chip amplifier capable of 14W output into 4 ohms with a few external components.It can be used for almost any application you could think of.

Circuit of TDA2030 amp OTL 15W

This is 2x30W audio amplifier based on TDA2050 and LM1875. Amplifier PCB is suitable for both TDA2050 and LM1875 chips. Amplifier has all the necessary circuitry on board – power supply, speaker protection, delayed turn-on and fast turn-off. This is achieved using the convenient uPC1237 IC. TDA2050 and LM1875 are pin to pin compatible, the differences in their schematics are the values of a couple resistors and one capacitor. All this allows to make an universal circuit board, suitable for any of these two ICs.

The TDA7294 amplifier module is a monolithic integrated circuit. It is intended for use as an audio class AB amplifier in hi-fi applications. It has a wide voltage range and output current capability, enabling it to supply the highest power into both 4 ohm and 8n ohm loads. With the addition of a handful of parts and a suitable power supply, this module will deliver 50W RMS into 8-ohm with 0.1% THD.

The amplifier kit uses two 11MS8 tubes per channel. The two DC blocking capacitors and the four coupling capacitors are metallized polyester, while Samsung aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used to filter the solid-state power supply.

I wanted to build high quality preamplifier with built-in DAC from SPDIF or USB for my power amplifier Leachamp. I had available circuit PCM2902. I tried to design DAC from USB with this circuit on one-sided PCB and I was succesful.

I needed high quality DAC convertor from USB to S/PDIF. Circuit has analog output for headphones and digital S/PDIF output with electrical and optical(TOSLINK) interface. We can use too 3 HID buttons for setting volume and mute. For USB input is used standard miniUSB connector. Headphone output uses standard 3.5" stereo jack socket. For signal conversion from TTL level to differential signal is used RS-485 bus transceiver. For optical output is used optical transmitter TOTX173 from Toshiba.

Presented here is high quality USB DAC PCM2906 with built-in headphone amplifier. To see one or more of the same sound card than this is a compact device. That acts as the computer sound card is easy to use. Just plug into a USB port on your computer. It can be used immediately within an IC in PCM 2906 Burr Brown's brand of Neu hear all agree that the sound of course. Used to convert digital signals from the USB port can adjust volume and mute the signal with Noise from the hard drive or CD player can not come to interference. Because a separate circuit from the computer. Add power to drive headphones with a Single Supply OPA2353 Opamp serves as Headphone Amp that does not reconcile the external power supply. This may be an alternative for those who are looking for sound card priced tight, but the quality of glass.

This audio amplifier uses TDA7053 which is an integrated class-B stereo power amplifier in a 16-lead dual-in-line (DIL) plastic package. Which requires minimal amount of external parts. This might be good solution to all of those who have PC with integrated sound card into motherboard. The main problem is that outputs of such sound cards are for active acoustic systems, this means that speakers must have power amplifier built in. If you decide to connect a headphones sometimes it might be not enough to provide required sound level.

This is USB sound card with PCM2902 chip. For the purpose of testing the D / A converters, I built a simple USB sound card with the circuit PCM2902. The card has analog input and output, an electrical S / PDIF output, galvanically separated input and optical input and output TOSLINK. The heart of USB sound card is PCM2902 it is a circuit connection, which is a complete USB codec. The circuit can handle up to 48kHz sampling frequency. The integrated circuit includes a USB controller for A / D and D / A converter, HID part for 3 buttons, volume control, custom converters and S / PDIF encoder and decoder.

The voice messages are recorded into the on-board microphone, then each message can be individually triggered by an external signal. The inputs can respond to simple electrical contacts, logic levels or voltages, and all inputs are debounced to prevent false triggering by electrical noise. Each message can be arranged to play once on a selected change of input state (high-to-low or low-to-high), or to repeat continuously until the trigger condition is removed. These options are selected by DIP switches.

This is a scaled-down version of Nelson Pass' Zen power amplifier for my headphones. For this use, the Zen topology is perfect excellent sound quality, simplicity, linearity and no multi-stage feedback. It is a single stage class A MOSFET design with the right gain and a low output impedance. Here we don't have the limitations of the Zen amps at least in the single-stage implementations regarding speaker compatibility. A single stage topology with correct interfacing values misses very few things in the original music message. The gain device in the original Zen amplifier is biased by fixed current source. For this amp, I employed an active current source described in Pass' patent no. 5,710,522 (see Zen Variations Part 2). The benefits of an active source include higher output current, lower distortion and 50% theoretical operating efficiency (compared to the 25% efficiency from a fixed source). This type of current source is featured in the Aleph power amplifiers from Pass Labs.